Ashwagandha-Induced Programmed Cell Death in the Treatment of Breast Cancer – PubMed Black Hawk Supplements

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The aim of this review is to provide experimental evidence for the programmed-death activity of Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) in the anti-cancer therapy of breast cancer. The literature search was conducted using online electronic databases (Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus). Collection schedule data for the review article covered the years 2004-2024. Ashwagandha active substances, especially Withaferin A (WA), are the most promising anti-cancer compounds. WS exerts its effect on breast cancer…
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Ashwagandha-Induced Programmed Cell Death in the Treatment of Breast Cancer - PubMed

Review

Ashwagandha-Induced Programmed Cell Death in the Treatment of Breast Cancer

Renata Kołodziejska et al. Curr Issues Mol Biol. .

Abstract

The aim of this review is to provide experimental evidence for the programmed-death activity of Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) in the anti-cancer therapy of breast cancer. The literature search was conducted using online electronic databases (Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus). Collection schedule data for the review article covered the years 2004-2024. Ashwagandha active substances, especially Withaferin A (WA), are the most promising anti-cancer compounds. WS exerts its effect on breast cancer cells by inducing programmed cell death, especially apoptosis, at the molecular level. Ashwagandha has been found to possess a potential for treating breast cancer, especially estrogen receptor/progesterone receptor (ER/PR)-positive and triple-negative breast cancer.

Keywords: Withaferin A; Withania somnifera; apoptosis; breast cancer; cell death.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1

Structures of key components present in Withania somnifera.

Figure 2
Figure 2

Internal and external pathways of apoptosis: the action of Ashwagandha. The effects of Ashwagandha on pathways of apoptosis are marked with a red asterisk. Active components of Ashwagandha induce apoptosis in both the internal and external pathways by mediating the production of reactive oxygen species and regulating the expression of Bcl-2 and IAP family proteins and the heat shock protein HSP90, as well as activating Death Receptor 5 (DR5) and inhibiting the IKK/NF-κB pathway. Abbreviations: Apaf-1—apoptotic protease activating factor 1; Bak, Bax, Bcl-1, Bcl-XL, Bid, tBid—Bcl-2 family proteins; BH3-only proteins—Bcl-2 homology 3; CASP3/7/8/9—caspase-3/7/8/9; CytC—cytochrome C; FADD—Fas-associated death domain; Fas-L—Fas ligand; IAPs—inhibitors of apoptosis proteins; HSP90—heat shock protein 90; HtrA2/Omi—apoptosis proteins; IκBα—nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells inhibitor alpha; IKK—kinase complex; NF-κB—nuclear factor-κB; ProCASP9—procaspase-9; Fas (DR2) TRAILR1 (DR4), TRAILR2 (DR5), TNFR1 (DR1), TRAMP (DR3), DR6 and EDAR—tumor necrosis factor receptor TNFR family; RIP—receptor-interacting protein kinase; ROS—reactive oxygen species; Smac/DIABLO—apoptosis proteins; TRAF2—TNF receptor associated factor-2; TRAIL—TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand; TNF—tumor necrosis factor; TRADD—TNF-related death domain. This figure was created using Servier Medical Art (available at

https://smart.servier.com/

, accessed on 12 April 2024).

Figure 3
Figure 3

Mechanism of action of Ashwagandha. The effects of Ashwagandha on pathways of apoptosis is marked with a red asterisk. Active components of Ashwagandha induce apoptosis by inhibiting the recruitment of STAT3 and STAT5, regulating the MAPK pathway and the expression of p53 and p21 proteins and reducing the level of estrogen receptor alpha (Erα). Abbreviations: AKT—protein kinase B; Bcl-XL, BimEL, Myc-1—Bcl-2 family proteins; E2—17β-estradiol; ER—estrogen receptor; ERK—extracellular signal-regulated kinase; FOXO3a—forkhead transcription factor; GDP—guanosine diphosphate; GTP—guanosine-5′-triphosphate; JAK—janus kinase; MEK—mitogen-activated extracellular signal-regulated kinase; NF-κB—nuclear factor-κB; PI3-K—PI 3-kinase; p21 protein—Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor; p53 protein—transcription factor with tumor suppressor properties; RAF—rapidly accelerated fibrosarcoma kinase; RAS—cellular signal transduction protein; RTK—receptor tyrosine kinase; STAT—signal transducer and activator of transcription. This figure was created using Servier Medical Art (available at

https://smart.servier.com/

, accessed on 12 April 2024).

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Publication types

Grants and funding

This research received no external funding.

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Ashwagandha-Induced Programmed Cell Death in the Treatment of Breast Cancer – PubMed