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The presented studies were aimed at determining the interactions in model membranes (Langmuir monolayers) created of phospholipids (PL) isolated from Legionella gormanii bacteria cultured with (PL + choline) or without (PL – choline) choline and to describe the impact of an antimicrobial peptide, human cathelicidin LL-37, on PL’s monolayer behavior. The addition of choline to the growth medium influenced the mutual proportions of phospholipids extracted from L. gormanii. Four classes of…
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Thermodynamic Study on Biomimetic Legionella gormanii Bacterial Membranes - PubMed

Thermodynamic Study on Biomimetic Legionella gormanii Bacterial Membranes

Katarzyna Pastuszak et al. Molecules. .

Abstract

The presented studies were aimed at determining the interactions in model membranes (Langmuir monolayers) created of phospholipids (PL) isolated from Legionella gormanii bacteria cultured with (PL + choline) or without (PL – choline) choline and to describe the impact of an antimicrobial peptide, human cathelicidin LL-37, on PL’s monolayer behavior. The addition of choline to the growth medium influenced the mutual proportions of phospholipids extracted from L. gormanii. Four classes of phospholipids-phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylglycerol (PG), cardiolipin (CL), and their mixtures-were used to register compression isotherms with or without the LL-37 peptide in the subphase. Based on them the excess area (Ae), excess (ΔGe), and total (ΔGm) Gibbs energy of mixing were determined. The thermodynamic analyses revealed that the PL – choline monolayer showed greater repulsive forces between molecules in comparison to the ideal system, while the PL + choline monolayer was characterized by greater attraction. The LL-37 peptide affected the strength of interactions between phospholipids’ molecules and reduced the monolayers stability. Accordingly, the changes in interactions in the model membranes allowed us to determine the difference in their susceptibility to the LL-37 peptide depending on the choline supplementation of bacterial culture.

Keywords: LL-37 peptide; Langmuir monolayer technique; Legionella gormanii; interactions; model membranes; phospholipids; thermodynamic analysis.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1

The π−A isotherms obtained for the individual phospholipid classes: PC, PE, PG, CL, and the PL mixtures isolated from L. gormanii bacteria cultured on a medium without (−choline) and with the addition of exogenous choline (+choline) at 20 °C and 37 °C, in the (a,b) absence or (c,d) presence of the LL-37 peptide.

Figure 2
Figure 2

The CS−1−π dependencies obtained for the individual phospholipid classes: PC, PE, PG, CL, and the PL mixtures isolated from L. gormanii bacteria cultured on a medium without (−choline) and with the addition of exogenous choline (+choline) at 20 °C and 37 °C, in the (a,b) absence or (c,d) presence of the LL-37 peptide.

Figure 3
Figure 3

The excess area Ae, depending on the surface pressure π, obtained for the “−choline” and “+choline” multi-class monolayers at 20 °C and 37 °C, in the (a) absence or (b) presence of the LL-37 peptide.

Figure 4
Figure 4

The excess Gibbs energy of mixing ∆Ge, depending on the surface pressure π, obtained for the “−choline” and “+choline” multi-class monolayers at 20 °C and 37 °C, in the (a) absence or (b) presence of the LL-37 peptide.

Figure 5
Figure 5

The total Gibbs energy of mixing ∆Gm, depending on the surface pressure π, obtained for the “−choline” and “+choline” multi-class monolayers at 20 °C and 37 °C, in the (a) absence or (b) presence of the LL-37 peptide.

Figure 6
Figure 6

Possible types of interactions between the phospholipid (PL–PL) molecules in the L. gormanii model membranes, where PC—phosphatidylcholine (cyan cylinder); PE—phosphatidylethanolamine (purple cone); PG—phosphatidylglycerol (pink truncated cone); CL—cardiolipin (blue truncated cone); ↔ repulsion; →← attraction; ⇔ steric effects.

Figure 7
Figure 7

Possible types of interactions between the phospholipid and peptide (PL-PEPTIDE) molecules in the L. gormanii model membranes, where PC—phosphatidylcholine (cyan cylinder); PE—phosphatidylethanolamine (purple cone); PG—phosphatidylglycerol (pink truncated cone); CL—cardiolipin (blue truncated cone); LL-37—cathelicidin (red-pink molecule); ↔ repulsion; →← attraction.

References

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Thermodynamic Study on Biomimetic Legionella gormanii Bacterial Membranes – PubMed