Adults who microdose psychedelics report health related motivations and lower levels of anxiety and depression compared to non-microdosers – PubMed Black Hawk Supplements

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The use of psychedelic substances at sub-sensorium ‘microdoses’, has gained popular academic interest for reported positive effects on wellness and cognition. The present study describes microdosing practices, motivations and mental health among a sample of self-selected microdosers (n = 4050) and non-microdosers (n = 4653) via a mobile application. Psilocybin was the most commonly used microdose substances in our sample (85%) and we identified diverse microdose practices with regard to dosage,…
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Adults who microdose psychedelics report health related motivations and lower levels of anxiety and depression compared to non-microdosers - PubMed

Adults who microdose psychedelics report health related motivations and lower levels of anxiety and depression compared to non-microdosers

Joseph M Rootman et al. Sci Rep. .

Abstract

The use of psychedelic substances at sub-sensorium ‘microdoses’, has gained popular academic interest for reported positive effects on wellness and cognition. The present study describes microdosing practices, motivations and mental health among a sample of self-selected microdosers (n = 4050) and non-microdosers (n = 4653) via a mobile application. Psilocybin was the most commonly used microdose substances in our sample (85%) and we identified diverse microdose practices with regard to dosage, frequency, and the practice of stacking which involves combining psilocybin with non-psychedelic substances such as Lion’s Mane mushrooms, chocolate, and niacin. Microdosers were generally similar to non-microdosing controls with regard to demographics, but were more likely to report a history of mental health concerns. Among individuals reporting mental health concerns, microdosers exhibited lower levels of depression, anxiety, and stress across gender. Health and wellness-related motives were the most prominent motives across microdosers in general, and were more prominent among females and among individuals who reported mental health concerns. Our results indicate health and wellness motives and perceived mental health benefits among microdosers, and highlight the need for further research into the mental health consequences of microdosing including studies with rigorous longitudinal designs.

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Conflict of interest statement

Joseph Rootman has received research funding from Quantified Citizen Technologies who provided the data collection platform for this study. Pamela Kryskow is a member of the clinical advisory board of Numinus Wellness which is a company that provides psychedelic psychotherapy services. Pamela Kryskow is compensated for this role with Numinus stock. Kalin Harvey is the CTO and co-founder of Quantified Citizen which is a company that produces software for decentralized mobile research, which was used in this study. Paul Stamets is a minority investor in Quantified Citizen and is an applicant on pending patents combining psilocybin mushrooms, Lions Mane mushrooms and niacin. Eesmyal Santos-Brault is the CEO and co-founder of Quantified Citizen which is a company that produces software for decentralized mobile research, which was used in this study. Kim PC Kuypers is a principle investigator on research projects, the present study not included, that are sponsored by Mindmed and Silopharma which are companies that are developing psychedelic medicines. Vince Polito is a science advisor for Mydecine Innovations Group, which is a company that is developing psychedelic medicines. Francoise Bourzat is a collaborator in the study on psilocybin assisted psychotherapy for COVID related grief at Pacific Neuroscience Institute, Santa Monica, CA. Zach Walsh is in paid advisory relationships with Numinus Wellness and Entheo Tech Biomedical regarding the medical development of psychedelics.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1

Consort flow chart depicting sample sizes at different levels of analysis.

Figure 2
Figure 2

Microdosing and mental health. Note: **p < 0.01, n = 1651, anxiety, depression and stress drawn from DASS-21 subscales (range: 0–42).

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Adults who microdose psychedelics report health related motivations and lower levels of anxiety and depression compared to non-microdosers – PubMed