Effect of galangin on oxidative stress, antioxidant defenses and mitochondrial dynamics in a rat model of focal cerebral ischemia – PubMed Black Hawk Supplements

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Focal ischemia occurs when a cerebral artery becomes obstructed by an embolus or thrombus, leading to a rapid reduction in cerebral blood flow and significantly increasing the risk of mortality and disability. This condition is of particular concern in developing countries, where its prevalence is on the rise. Galangin, a flavonoid found in Alpinia officinarum, shows strong antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic properties. Its wide-ranging bioactivity in both in vitro and animal…
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Effect of galangin on oxidative stress, antioxidant defenses and mitochondrial dynamics in a rat model of focal cerebral ischemia - PubMed

Effect of galangin on oxidative stress, antioxidant defenses and mitochondrial dynamics in a rat model of focal cerebral ischemia

Araya Supawat et al. Biomed Rep. .

Abstract

Focal ischemia occurs when a cerebral artery becomes obstructed by an embolus or thrombus, leading to a rapid reduction in cerebral blood flow and significantly increasing the risk of mortality and disability. This condition is of particular concern in developing countries, where its prevalence is on the rise. Galangin, a flavonoid found in Alpinia officinarum, shows strong antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic properties. Its wide-ranging bioactivity in both in vitro and animal studies points to promising therapeutic applications. Given the role of oxidative stress in the pathophysiology of focal ischemia, the present study explored the effects of galangin on oxidative stress markers and antioxidant defenses in an animal model of the disease. A total of 60 healthy male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to six groups: Control, right middle cerebral artery occlusion (Rt.MCAO) + vehicle, Rt.MCAO + piracetam, and Rt.MCAO + galangin at doses of 25, 50 and 100 mg/kg body weight. The results indicated that 7 days of galangin treatment reduces infarct volume, malondialdehyde levels, and the density ratio of mitogen-activated protein kinase, while enhancing catalase, glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase activities, and improving the density ratio of mitofusin 2 protein in the cortex and hippocampus. In conclusion, galangin showed significant in vivo potential in mitigating the pathological changes caused by cerebral ischemia, likely due to its antioxidant properties and modulation of mitochondrial dynamics. Additional research is now needed to explore the biochemical and neurological impacts of galangin in focal cerebral ischemia and to fully elucidate its mechanism of action.

Keywords: antioxidant; cerebral ischemia; galangin; middle cerebral artery; mitochondrial dynamics.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1

The structural formula of galangin.

Figure 2
Figure 2

Effects of galangin on brain infarct volume. (A) The effect of galangin on brain infarct volume in rats subjected to permanent Rt.MCAO is demonstrated in the bar graph. Results are expressed as the mean ± SEM (n=5). *P<0.05 compared with the control group; #P<0.05 compared with the Rt.MCAO + vehicle group. (B) Representative images of rat brains stained with 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride after permanent Rt.MCAO. The red regions correspond to healthy tissue, while the white regions indicate the infarcted areas. Rt.MCAO, right middle cerebral artery occlusion; BW, body weight.

Figure 3
Figure 3

Effect of galangin on MDA levels and endogenous antioxidant enzymes in the cortex and hippocampus following Rt.MCAO. (A) MDA levels, (B) CAT activity and (C) GSH-Px activity. The data are presented as the mean ± SEM (n=5). *P<0.05 compared with the control group; #P<0.05 compared with the Rt.MCAO + vehicle group. Rt.MCAO, right middle cerebral artery occlusion; BW, body weight; MDA, malondialdehyde; CAT, catalase; GSH-Px, glutathione peroxidase.

Figure 4
Figure 4

Effects of galangin on SOD activity in mitochondrial fractions from the cortex and hippocampus. The data are shown as the mean ± SEM (n=5). *P<0.05 compared with the control group; #P<0.05 compared with the Rt.MCAO + vehicle group. Rt.MCAO, right middle cerebral artery occlusion; BW, body weight; SOD, superoxide dismutase.

Figure 5
Figure 5

Effect of galangin on the expression of p38 MAPK and Mfn2. (A) Immunoblot image showing p38 MAPK (38 kDa) and Mfn2 (80 kDa) protein levels in the hippocampus, with β-actin (41 kDa) serving as a loading control. (B and C) Quantitative analysis of (B) p38 MAPK and (C) Mfn2 band intensities, normalized to β-actin in the cortex and hippocampus. Data are presented as the mean ± SEM (n=5). *P<0.05 compared with the control; #P<0.05 compared with the Rt.MCAO + vehicle group. MAPK, mitogen-activated protein kinase; Mfn2, mitofusin 2; Rt.MCAO, right middle cerebral artery occlusion; BW, body weight.

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Grants and funding

Funding:

The present study was supported by a grant from Faculty of Medicine, Mahasarakham University (grant no. MED MSU 01/010/2567).

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Effect of galangin on oxidative stress, antioxidant defenses and mitochondrial dynamics in a rat model of focal cerebral ischemia – PubMed