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In the present study, ZnO nanoparticles have been synthesized using an aqueous extract of shilajit. The nanoparticles were characterized using different techniques such as UV (ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer), FTIR (Fourier transform infrared), XRD (X-ray diffraction), particle size analysis, SEM (scanning electron microscope) and EDAX (Energy-dispersive X-ray) analysis. The UV absorption peak at 422.40 nm was observed for ZnO nanoparticles. SEM analysis showed the shape of nanoparticles…
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Green synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles using aqueous extract of shilajit and their anticancer activity against HeLa cells - PubMed

Green synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles using aqueous extract of shilajit and their anticancer activity against HeLa cells

Parthasarathi Perumal et al. Sci Rep. .

Abstract

In the present study, ZnO nanoparticles have been synthesized using an aqueous extract of shilajit. The nanoparticles were characterized using different techniques such as UV (ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer), FTIR (Fourier transform infrared), XRD (X-ray diffraction), particle size analysis, SEM (scanning electron microscope) and EDAX (Energy-dispersive X-ray) analysis. The UV absorption peak at 422.40 nm was observed for ZnO nanoparticles. SEM analysis showed the shape of nanoparticles to be spherical, FTIR spectrum confirmed the presence of zinc atoms, particle size analysis showed the nanoparticle size, EDAX confirmed the purity of ZnO nanoparticles whereas XRD pattern similar to that of JCPDS card for ZnO confirmed the presence of pure ZnO nanoparticles. The in vitro anticancer activity of ZnO nanoparticles against the HeLa cell line showed the IC50 value of 38.60 μg/mL compared to reference standard cisplatin. This finding confirms that ZnO nanoparticles from shilajit extract have potent cytotoxic effect on human cervical cancer cell lines.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no competing interests.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1

(A) Synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles. (B) UV–visible absorption spectrum of shilajit extract. (C) UV–visible absorption spectrum of ZnO nanoparticles from shilajit extract.

Figure 2
Figure 2

FTIR spectrum of (A) shilajit extract and (B) ZnO nanoparticles from shilajit extract.

Figure 3
Figure 3

X-ray diffraction pattern of ZnO nanoparticles (synthesized from an aqueous extract of shilajit).

Figure 4
Figure 4

Particle size analysis of ZnO nanoparticles from shilajit extract.

Figure 5
Figure 5

SEM images of ZnO nanoparticles at different magnification from the shilajit extract.

Figure 6
Figure 6

EDAX analysis of ZnO nanoparticles from shilajit extract.

Figure 7
Figure 7

Cytotoxicity assessed by MTT assay after 24 h treatment. (A) HeLa cells after treatment with various concentrations (6.25 µg/mL, 12.5 µg/mL, 25 µg/mL, 50 µg/mL and 100 µg/mL) of the ZnO nanoparticles from shilajit extract compared with reference standard cisplatin. (B) Normal Vero cells after treatment with various concentrations (6.25 µg/mL, 12.5 µg/mL, 25 µg/mL, 50 µg/mL and 100 µg/mL) of the ZnO nanoparticles from shilajit extract.

Figure 8
Figure 8

Microscopic images of cells treated with various concentrations after 24 h. (A) HeLa cells after treatment with various concentrations (6.25 µg/mL, 12.5 µg/mL, 25 µg/mL, 50 µg/mL and 100 µg/mL) of the ZnO nanoparticles from shilajit extract and reference standard cisplatin. (B) Normal Vero cells after treatment with various concentrations (6.25 µg/mL, 12.5 µg/mL, 25 µg/mL, 50 µg/mL and 100 µg/mL) of the ZnO nanoparticles (synthesized from an aqueous extract of shilajit). Cells were observed and photographed by inverted microscopy (20×).

Figure 9
Figure 9

Possible toxic mechanism of zinc oxide nanoparticles against cancer cells.

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Green synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles using aqueous extract of shilajit and their anticancer activity against HeLa cells – PubMed