Sunlight-driven photocatalytic degradation of industrial dyes using Withania somnifera decorated MnO2 nanoparticles – PubMed Black Hawk Supplements

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This study presents a unique, fast, and environmentally friendly approach for synthesizing MnO(2) nanoparticles (MnO(2) NPs) utilizing Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha) extract. The formation of nanoparticles was indicated by a color change from dark purple to dark brown within 10 min and validated through techniques including UV-Vis spectroscopy, Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), and Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX). Bromocresol…
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Sunlight-driven photocatalytic degradation of industrial dyes using Withania somnifera decorated MnO2 nanoparticles - PubMed

Sunlight-driven photocatalytic degradation of industrial dyes using Withania somnifera decorated MnO2 nanoparticles

Mahi Chaudhary et al. Discov Nano. .

Abstract

This study presents a unique, fast, and environmentally friendly approach for synthesizing MnO2 nanoparticles (MnO2 NPs) utilizing Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha) extract. The formation of nanoparticles was indicated by a color change from dark purple to dark brown within 10 min and validated through techniques including UV-Vis spectroscopy, Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), and Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX). Bromocresol green and Bromothymol blue were established as standards for assessing the photocatalytic efficiency of the synthesized nanoparticles. The synthesized nanocatalyst exhibited remarkable removal efficiency upon sunlight exposure, achieving 92% for Bromothymol blue and 95% for Bromocresol green within a duration of 1 h. The influence of variables including duration, photocatalyst dosage, and photodegradation kinetics was carefully examined to assess the efficacy of the created photocatalyst. The devised procedure is environmentally benign, facile to execute, and does not necessitate any chemical agents or advanced instrumentation for synthesis. This presents a new opportunity for the advancement of green photocatalysts, which may serve as an outstanding nanomaterial for wastewater clean-up.

Keywords: Degradation; Dyes; Green photo catalysts; Kinetics; Waste water remediation.

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Conflict of interest statement

Declarations. Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1

UV–Vis spectra Of A-MnO2 NPs (Inset: Optical image of the synthesized nanoparticles)

Fig. 2
Fig. 2

Bandgap energy graph showing energy due to indirect transition

Fig. 3
Fig. 3

A Photographic images of changing color as a function of time B UV–Vis spectra of time-dependent synthesis of A-MnO2NPs at different time intervals

Fig. 4
Fig. 4

UV–Vis spectra depicting the effect of varying amount of extract in the synthesis of MnO2 NPs

Fig. 5
Fig. 5

A SEM image B EDX spectrum C TEM image of MnO2 NPs

Fig. 6
Fig. 6

FTIR spectrum of MnO2 NPs

Fig. 7
Fig. 7

X-ray diffraction spectra of synthesized MnO2NPs

Fig. 8
Fig. 8

A Degradation of BTB dye B SPR spectra and C catalytic activity of MnO2 NPs

Fig. 9
Fig. 9

A Degradation of BCG dye B SPR spectra and C catalytic activity of MnO2 NPs

Fig. 10
Fig. 10

Photographic images of dilutions at different catalyst dosages of BTB dye

Fig. 11
Fig. 11

Photographic images show the effect of dye concentration in the photocatalytic degradation of BCB dye

Fig. 12
Fig. 12

A Scavenging study for the degradation of dyes. B Removal percent of different parameters of water. C Reusability of the formed catalyst

Fig. 13
Fig. 13

Schematic representation of dye degradation

Fig. 14
Fig. 14

A Pseudo-second-order kinetic plot for BTB dye. B Pseudo-first-order kinetic plot for BTB dye. C Pseudo-first-order kinetic plot for BCG. D Pseudo-second-order kinetic plot for BCG dye

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Sunlight-driven photocatalytic degradation of industrial dyes using Withania somnifera decorated MnO2 nanoparticles – PubMed